raw · articles · ingested 2026-06-28
PV module electrical ratings — Voc, Vmp, Isc, Imp (typical and high-current)
Source: https://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/iv-curve
Sources: PVEducation (Honsberg & Bowden, canonical); Trina Vertex TSM-DE21 datasheet; EC&M PV calculations; module spec roundups. Credibility: High (datasheets + canonical reference). Confidence: high.
Per-module building blocks
- Voc scales with cells in series (~0.6 V/cell silicon); Isc scales with cell area/irradiance.
- 60-cell c-Si: Voc ≈ 37-41 V, Vmp ≈ 30-33 V; 72-cell: Voc ≈ 44-49 V, Vmp ≈ 36-40 V. Isc ≈ 9-11 A, Imp ≈ 9-10 A. ~300-450 W. FF ~0.80, Vmp/Voc ~0.80-0.84.
- Large-format high-current (210mm/G12, half-cut), e.g. Trina Vertex 670 W (132 cells): Voc 46.1 V, Vmp 38.2 V, Isc 18.62 A, Imp 17.55 A, max series fuse 30 A, max system voltage 1500 V. G12 trades voltage for current (moderate Voc, high Isc).
Temperature dependence (the design driver)
- Voc rises as temperature falls: TC_Voc ≈ −0.25 to −0.35 %/°C (TOPCon −0.25 to −0.28, HJT −0.22 to −0.25, poly −0.30 to −0.35).
- A cold sunny morning (−10 °C) lifts Voc ~9-10% above the STC datasheet value — the worst-case Voc that string-voltage limits must respect.
Relevance
The per-module numbers behind array voltage/current in photovoltaic-array-electrical-output — feeding the PV side of PV-driven cooling.